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M9630173.TXT
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1996-02-27
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Document 0173
DOCN M9630173
TI Antiviral drugs from the nucleoside analog family block volume-activated
chloride channels.
DT 9603
AU Gschwentner M; Susanna A; Woll E; Ritter M; Nagl UO; Schmarda A; Laich
A; Pinggera GM; Ellemunter H; Huemer H; et al; Department of Physiology,
University of Innsbruck, Austria.
SO Mol Med. 1995 May;1(4):407-17. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96091364
AB BACKGROUND: The antiviral drugs AZT and acyclovir are generally used in
the treatment of infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and
herpes simplex virus (HSV). These substances are known to impede virus
replication by premature nucleic acid chain termination. It is not yet
clear, however, if this is the sole mechanism responsible for the
antiviral and/or the numerous side effects observed in patients treated
with these agents. We investigated the swelling-induced chloride current
in fibroblasts, which we demonstrated is closely related or identical to
a cloned epithelial chloride channel, ICln: This chloride channel can be
blocked by nucleotides. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electrophysiological,
fluorescence optical, and volume measurements were made to determine the
effect of nucleoside analogs on the swelling-dependent chloride current
(ICl) in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and in human T cell lymphoma (H9) cells and
the cAMP-dependent chloride current in CaCo cells. RESULTS: AZT and
acyclovir block the swelling-dependent chloride current and the chloride
flux in fibroblasts, and the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) and ICl in
H9 cells. This immediate effect can be substantially reduced by the
simultaneous incubation of the cells with thymidine-5'-diphosphate (TDP)
or uridine, both of which are by themselves unable to affect ICl.
CONCLUSIONS: We show here a novel molecular mechanism by which antiviral
drugs of the nucleoside analog family could lead to impairments of the
kidney, bone marrow, gastrointestinal, and neuronal functions, and how
these side effects could possibly be restricted by the presence of TDP
or uridine.
DE Acyclovir/*PHARMACOLOGY Animal Antiviral Agents/*PHARMACOLOGY Cell
Size Chloride Channels/*ANTAGONISTS & INHIB Human Mice Patch-Clamp
Techniques Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Thymidine Tumor Cells, Cultured
Uridine Zidovudine/*PHARMACOLOGY 3T3 Cells JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).